Many people claim the child tax credit to help offset the cost of raising children. Tax reform legislation enacted last year made changes to that credit. Here are some important things for taxpayers to know about the changes to the credit. 

• Credit amount. The new law increases the child tax credit from $1,000 to $2,000. Eligibility for the credit has not changed. As in past years, the credit applies if all of these apply:
  • the child is younger than 17 at the end of the tax year (December 31, 2018)
  • the taxpayer claims the child as a dependent
  • the child lives with the taxpayer for at least six months of the year
    
    
• Credit refunds. The credit is refundable, now up to $1,400. If a taxpayer doesn’t owe any tax before claiming the credit, they will receive up to $1,400 as part of their refund.
  
  
• Earned income threshold. The income threshold to claim the credit has been lowered to $2,500 per family. This means a family must earn a minimum of $2,500 to claim the credit.
  
  
• Phaseout. The income threshold at which the child tax credit begins to phase out is increased to $200,000, or $400,000 if married filing jointly. This means that more families with children younger than 17 qualify for the larger credit.

Dependents who can’t be claimed for the child tax credit may still qualify the taxpayer for the new credit for other dependents.  This is a non-refundable credit of up to $500 per qualifying person. These dependents may also be dependent children who are age 17 or older at the end of 2018. It also includes parents or other qualifying relatives supported by the taxpayer.

​If you have any questions about the changes to the child tax credit or the new dependent care credit, please call Turner's Tax Service at 530-626-8551.

.On June 25th the New York Times took a look at the draft "postcard" tax form that is to be unveiled  next week and reported the following -

• The form shrinks the form to postcard size by eliminating more than half of the 78 lines on the current form 
• The new form omits lines for a variety of popular deductions, including those for student loan interest and the teachers' credit.  Those are found on one of six accompanying worksheets.
• Business income, capital gains and several other forms of income are also omitted from the postcard and must be reported on accompanying worksheets.
• There is a line for the child tax credit but if you claim child care expenses you'll have to find the right worksheet to claim that credit along with a number of other credits.
• There is no line to reconcile the health care premium, even though the requirement to have health insurance or be penalized remains for Tax Year 2018.

If you prepare your own taxes, it will be more complicated to do so with this new form unless you have a very simple tax life.  The new form could also make things more complicated for the IRS.  More than 90% of taxpayers now file electronically but if more people opt for the postcard return which has to be handled manually, the IRS could be overwhelmed, given the budget cuts over the past several years that have reduced staffing, delaying the issuance of refunds.  

For many taxpayers, an additional complication may be created by the state tax return they need to prepare and submit.  Many states have not adopted the changes in the federal law and so far no state has announced it will go to a "postcard" form.

The postcard form assumes that taxpayers will claim the standard deduction, rather than itemizing. That may not result in the highest deduction, but taxpayers will not know that unless they calculate their itemized deduction and compare that to the standard deduction.  Additionally, while it may be advantageous to claim the standard deduction on your federal return, that may not be the case on your state return.

Turner's Tax Service will be closely monitoring this new form as well as all the other changes as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA).  As additional information becomes available, it will be posted here.

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​The Tax Cut and Jobs Act is the biggest tax reform law in over 30 years. When you file your 2018 tax returns — about a year from now — your tax return will look very different. And because most changes don’t happen until then, there's time to learn about the changes and plan for next year. Here are a few of the biggest changes that may affect you.

Tax rate changes. Both individual and corporate rates have changed. The maximum individual rate is reduced to 37% and the corporate rate is now a flat 21%. Because each taxpayer's situation is unique, whether the rate changes help or hurt can't be determined without looking at the individual situation.

Standard deduction increases but personal exemptions eliminated.  Again - each taxpayer's situation is unique and whether these changes help or hurt can't be determined without looking at the individual situation.

Increased Child Tax Credit and new Dependent Credit: The credit is increased for each child to $2,000 (up to $1,400 of which is refundable for each child) and each non-child dependent can now receive a new credit of $500. The phaseout thresholds for these credits are drastically increased. Married taxpayers filing a joint return can claim the full credits if their adjusted gross income is $400,000 or less ($200,000 for all others). The credits are fully phased out for married taxpayers filing a joint return when their adjusted gross income reaches $440,000 ($240,000 for all others). This means that many more taxpayers will be able to claim these credits in 2018 and beyond.

Disappearing deductions: Beginning with the 2018 tax year, you will no longer be able to deduct:

• State income tax and property taxes above $10,000 per year in total;
• Moving expenses (with an exception for certain military);
• Employee business expenses such as mileage, travel, entertainment, home office expenses, union dues, tax preparation fees, and investment fees, among others;
• Mortgage interest beyond interest on $750,000 of acquisition debt, if you purchase a new home; and
• Mortgage interest paid on equity debt (this is no longer deductible for any taxpayers).

Some new benefits for individuals: These new benefits include:

• The medical expense AGI threshold will temporarily drop to 7.5% of AGI for 2017 and 2018;
• The AMT threshold is increased, so fewer middle-income taxpayers will be subject to AMT;
• The estate tax exclusion has nearly doubled, to $10 million (adjusted for inflation); and
• The annual gift tax exclusion remains the same ($14,000 for 2017 and $15,000 for 2018), but the maximum rate on gifts is 35%.

Small business benefit: Beginning in 2018, there will be up to a 20% deduction from net business income for a sole proprietorship, LLC (excluding those taxed as a C corporation), partnership, S corporation, and rental activity. The rules are incredibly complex but there is a lot of planning that we can do to maximize this deduction for you.

Courtesy of Parker Tax Publishing

Yesterday, December 14th, the conference committee reconciling the House and Senate versions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) ("House Bill" and "Senate Bill", respectively) is reported to have reached a deal in principle and is working rapidly to finalize legislative language for the massive tax bill. The legislators are rushing to get a bill passed before the holiday recess, a self-imposed deadline made more urgent by a Democratic victory in the Alabama special Senate election earlier this week.

The conference committee has not released a summary of its agreement, but a number of key details have emerged through comments (on and off the record) by members of Congress close to the negotiations and their staffs. According to the sources, negotiations between the House and the Senate have yielded the following compromises, concessions, and changes:

(1) A top individual tax rate of 37 percent (compared with 39.6 percent rate in the House Bill and 38.5 percent rate in the Senate Bill);
(2) A top corporate rate of 21 percent (compared with a rate of 20 percent in both the House and Senate Bills);
(3) Full repeal of the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT) (adopts provision from the House Bill; the Senate Bill had retained the corporate AMT);
(4) A 20 percent deduction against qualified business income from passthrough business entities (compared with a 23 percent deduction in the Senate Bill, from which the provision is derived) and a likely tightening of the rules for calculating "qualified business income" (moving them toward the generally stricter ones in the House Bill);
(5) Repeal of shared responsibility payments (individual healthcare mandate) under the Affordable Care Act (provision was in the Senate Bill but not the House Bill);
(6) A maximum $10,000 deduction for state and local property taxes for individuals, with taxpayers being able to choose between deducting either property taxes or income taxes (the House and Senate Bills allowed for only the deduction of property taxes up to the limit; it's not clear whether taxpayers would be able to deduct sales taxes instead of income taxes, as they can under present law);
(7) A lowered $750,000 limit on the loan amount for which a mortgage interest deduction can be claimed by individuals, with existing loans grandfathered (splits the difference between the House and Senate Bills; the limit under present law is $1 million);
(8) Continued deductibility of unreimbursed medical expenses of individuals (the House Bill repealed the deduction);
(9) Retention of individual AMT with an exclusion of $1 million for joint filers and $500,000 for all others (the House Bill repealed the individual AMT; the Senate Bill retained it with far less generous enhancements to the AMT exemption amounts);
(10) Likely enhancement in the refundability of the child tax credit; As of last night this became a potential sticking point as Senator Rubio and Senator Lee indicated the refundable amount would need to be increased in order for them to vote yes on the bill. 
(11) Continued deductibility of student loan interest and exclusion from income of graduate student tuition waivers (both breaks would have been repealed by the House Bill);
(12) Continued tax-exempt status for qualifying private activity bonds (the House Bill ended the tax break).

How the final bill will pay for the many taxpayer-friendly changes on the above list and still stay within the $1.5 trillion dollar increase to the deficit (in a 10-year timeframe) allowed by the instructions constraining the Senate is not known. Relative to the bill that passed the Senate earlier this month, the only known "pay-fors" are the increase in the corporate tax rate, the decrease in the percentage of the deduction against passthrough business income and the tightening of the rules for calculating "qualified business income"; and the tightening of the mortgage interest deduction. Those changes would not be enough to pay for the enhancements to other tax breaks on the list.

Unconfirmed rumors circulating Wednesday suggest that another possible pay-for might be an increase in the repatriation rates for foreign-earned income. Another likely candidate would be a tightening of the generous child tax credit phase-out provisions in the Senate Bill. Phaseouts don't begin until modified adjusted gross income reaches $500,000, more than double the threshold for joint filers in the House Bill and more than four times the threshold single and head of household filers.

Beyond the pay-fors, the list of unknowns about the final tax bill remains long and will not be addressed until the text of the legislation is released, which could happen as early as this morning, according to the Wall Street Journal. Until then, the status of dozens of conflicting provisions in the House and Senate bills will likely remain a mystery.

Multiple reports have indicated that final votes on TCJA will follow quickly on the heels of the release of legislative text. The Senate is expected to vote first, possibly as soon as Monday.

Turner's Tax Service will, of course, keep you up to date as this bill moves through the legislative process.

UPDATE PROVIDED BY  THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF TAX PROFESSIONALS

In the early morning of December 2, the Senate passed by a 51-49 vote their version of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME) agreed to a yes vote when several amendments she offered were incorporated into the bill, including the restoration of a $10,000 deduction for property taxes and a lower threshold for deducting medical expenses. 
Previous Republican holdouts — Senators Jeff Flake (R-AZ), Steve Daines (R-MJT) and Ron Johnson (R-WI) threw their support behind the bill once they were assured their concerns were addressed – including increasing the deduction for pass-through entities from 17.4 to 23 percent and a gradual phase-out of §179 expensing. Also included was the return of the alternative minimum tax provisions for individuals and corporations. Thresholds would be increased and adjusted for inflation. 
The Senate bill includes the repeal of the individual mandate clause of the Affordable Care Act, which requires most to have health insurance or pay a penalty. If the Senate's proposal remains in the final version, then beginning in 2019, there would be no penalty if taxpayers go without coverage. The penalty would remain for 2018.The House and Senate are expected to work out the differences between the two proposals over the next weeks in joint committee. Several key differences remain. Once an agreement is reached between both chambers of Congress, the bill will go to the president for signature.